Green silicon carbide is made from petroleum coke and high-quality silica, with salt added as an additive, and refined in a high-temperature resistance furnace. It appears as green crystals, is brittle and sharp, and has certain thermal and electrical conductivity. Microscopically, it takes the form of hexagonal crystals. With a Mohs hardness of 9.3, micro hardness of 2940-3300 kg/mm², and Knoop hardness of 2670-2815 kg/mm², it is harder than corundum and only slightly less hard than diamond, cubic boron nitride, and boron carbide.
Boron carbide is produced through high-temperature smelting of boracic acid and carbonaceous materials in electric furnaces.
Bubble alumina is a new type of high-temperature insulation material, consisting of a-Al2O3 microcrystals.
White fused alumina is produced from high-quality aluminum oxide powder, refined and crystallized through electric arc smelting.
Brown fused alumina is produced by melting high-quality bauxite, iron filings, and anthracite in an electric arc furnace at high temperatures.